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The importance and regulation of hepatic glutathione
Plain-language summary
Paraphrased from the published abstract below — not a verdict on whether anything works.
This review article (species not specified) discusses the role of glutathione in the liver in detoxification reactions and regulation of the cell's thiol-disulfide status. The review states glutathione synthesis is regulated mainly by availability of precursor cysteine and by glutathione's own concentration through feedback, while degradation is principally regulated by efflux of reduced and oxidized glutathione into sinusoidal plasma and bile, with additional consumption in conjugation reactions. Under oxidative stress, the review reports the liver exports oxidized glutathione into bile in a concentrative manner, whereas under basal conditions mainly reduced glutathione is exported into bile and blood; the mechanism of reduced glutathione export into bile and sinusoidal blood is described as poorly understood.
Abstract
Glutathione plays a key role in the liver in detoxification reactions and in regulating the thiol-disulfide status of the cell. Glutathione synthesis is regulated mainly by the availability of precursor cysteine and the concentration of glutathione itself which feeds back to regulate its own synthesis. Degradation of hepatic glutathione is principally regulated by the efflux of reduced and oxidized glutathione into both sinusoidal plasma and bile. In addition, glutathione may be consumed in conjugation reactions. Under conditions of oxidative stress, the liver exports oxidized glutathione into bile in a concentrative fashion, whereas under basal conditions, mainly reduced glutathione is exported into bile and blood. The mechanism of export of reduced glutathione into bile and sinusoidal blood is poorly understood.
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