Study summary · research use only
Exercise, Mitohormesis, and Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA Type-C (MOTS-c)
Plain-language summary
Paraphrased from the published abstract below — not a verdict on whether anything works.
This review summarizes mitohormetic mechanisms linking exercise to mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs), focusing on mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c (MOTS-c). The abstract describes mitohormesis as low-level mitochondrial stress during or after exercise, involving reactive oxygen species production and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), that may relate to metabolic effects of exercise. It reports MOTS-c expression increases in skeletal muscle, systemic circulation, and the hypothalamus with exercise, that systemic MOTS-c administration was associated with increased exercise performance and enhanced metabolic adaptation in the cited studies, and that exogenous MOTS-c was associated with thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissue and increased energy expenditure. Species not specified (review of animal literature).
Abstract
Low levels of mitochondrial stress are beneficial for organismal health and survival through a process known as mitohormesis. Mitohormetic responses occur during or after exercise and may mediate some salutary effects of exercise on metabolism. Exercise-related mitohormesis involves reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), and release of mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs). MDPs are a group of small peptides encoded by mitochondrial DNA with beneficial metabolic effects. Among MDPs, mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c (MOTS-c) is the most associated with exercise. MOTS-c expression levels increase in skeletal muscles, systemic circulation, and the hypothalamus upon exercise. Systemic MOTS-c administration increases exercise performance by boosting skeletal muscle stress responses and by enhancing metabolic adaptation to exercise. Exogenous MOTS-c also stimulates thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissues, thereby enhancing energy expenditure and contributing to the anti-obesity effects of exercise training. This review briefly summarizes the mitohormetic mechanisms of exercise with an emphasis on MOTS-c.
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