Study summary · research use only
Other Helicobacters and gastric microbiota
Plain-language summary
Paraphrased from the published abstract below — not a verdict on whether anything works.
This review article summarizes 2015 literature on gastric and enterohepatic non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species (NHPH) and their interaction with gastric microbiota and H. pylori, covering findings in both human patients and laboratory animals. It reports that NHPH infections, including H. cinaedi associated with severe bacteremia, are increasingly reported in humans, and that whole-genome sequencing is described as the most reliable technique for species-level identification. The review notes that NHPH presence in laboratory animals may affect experimental outcomes, and discusses vaccination approaches based on UreB proteins or bacterial lysate with CCR4 antagonists, and oral glutathione supplementation, as strategies under consideration. It also describes virulence factors linked to gastric colonization and gastritis, and links H. pylori-related pH changes in gastric microbiota to gastric cancer risk.
Abstract
This article aimed to review the literature from 2015 dealing with gastric and enterohepatic non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species (NHPH). A summary of the gastric microbiota interactions with H. pylori is also presented. An extensive number of studies were published during the last year and have led to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of infections with NHPH. These infections are increasingly reported in human patients, including infections with H. cinaedi, mainly characterized by severe bacteremia. Whole-genome sequencing appears to be the most reliable technique for identification of NHPH at species level. Presence of NHPH in laboratory animals may influence the outcome of experiments, making screening and eradication desirable. Vaccination based on UreB proteins or bacterial lysate with CCR4 antagonists as well as oral glutathione supplementation may be promising strategies to dampen the pathogenic effects associated with gastric NHPH infections. Several virulent factors such as outer membrane proteins, phospholipase C-gamma 2, Bak protein, and nickel-binding proteins are associated with colonization of the gastric mucosae and development of gastritis. The development of high-throughput sequencing has led to new insights in the gastric microbiota composition and its interaction with H. pylori. Alterations in the gastric microbiota caused by the pH-increasing effect of a H. pylori infection may increase the risk for gastric cancer.
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