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FOXO Transcription Factors: A Brief Overview
Plain-language summary
Paraphrased from the published abstract below — not a verdict on whether anything works.
This review (species not specified) provides an overview of Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors (FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, FOXO6), originally identified as downstream regulators in the insulin pathway. The review describes FOXO factors' ability to bind diverse target gene promoters and govern cellular energy generation, resistance to oxidative stress, and modulation of cell viability and proliferation. FOXO protein dysregulation is described as relevant to metabolic disorders, human longevity, and tumorigenesis. The review notes FOXO is regulated by posttranslational modification, that FOXO inactivation mainly arises from excessive activation of upstream modifying enzymes, and describes this as presenting potential avenues for pharmaceutical restoration of FOXO activity.
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors constitute a mammalian family of proteins, comprising FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6. Originally recognized as downstream regulators within the insulin pathway, FOXO factors exhibit the ability to bind to diverse target gene promoters, thereby governing crucial facets of cellular homeostasis. These encompass cellular energy generation, resilience against oxidative stress, and the modulation of cell viability and proliferation. The dysregulation of FOXO proteins has been established as pivotal in metabolic disorders, human longevity, and the inhibition of tumorigenesis. Notably subject to posttranslational modifications for regulation, FOXO inactivation predominantly arises from excessive activation of their upstream modifying enzymes, presenting a plethora of potential avenues for pharmaceutical reinstatement of FOXO activity.
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