Study summary · research use only
Safety and efficacy of GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Plain-language summary
Paraphrased from the published abstract below — not a verdict on whether anything works.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials examined the GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonists mazdutide and cotadutide in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, or both (human). Eleven studies and four unpublished trials were included, pooling data on HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and body weight change from baseline. The meta-analysis reported reductions in HbA1c (MD = -0.63%), fasting plasma glucose (MD = -1.71 mmol/L), and percentage body weight change (MD = -4.16%) versus placebo. Serious adverse events did not differ significantly (OR = 1.03), but treatment-emergent adverse events (OR = 2.52) and vomiting (OR = 6.05) had significantly higher odds with the dual agonists. The authors describe mazdutide and cotadutide as associated with glycaemic control and weight reduction in this population.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of randomized, placebo-controlled trials involving the GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonists, mazdutide, and cotadutide, on glycaemic control and body weight changes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, or both. We conducted searches in Medline, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane database, and Web of Science up to March 5, 2024. The primary outcomes assessed were changes in HbA1c level and percentage changes in body weight from baseline (CFB). Eleven studies and four unpublished trials were included. The pooled meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in HbA1c (MD = -0.63%; 95% CI = [-0.82, -0.44]; P < 0.00001), fasting plasma glucose (MD = -1.71 mmol/L; 95% CI = [-2.31, -1.10]; P < 0.00001), and percentage change in body weight (MD = -4.16%; 95% CI = [-5.41, -2.92]; P < 0.00001). Safety analysis revealed no significant change in serious adverse events (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = [0.61, 1.75]; P = 0.91), but there were significantly higher odds of treatment-emergent adverse events (OR = 2.52; 95% CI = [1.92, 3.30]; P < 0.00001) and vomiting (OR = 6.05; 95% CI = [3.52, 10.40]; P < 0.00001). These results suggest that mazdutide and cotadutide are effective for glycaemic control and weight reduction in individuals with T2DM, obesity, or both.
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