Study summary · research use only
Emerging links between FOXOs and diabetic complications
Plain-language summary
Paraphrased from the published abstract below — not a verdict on whether anything works.
This review article (species not specified) discusses the Forkhead Box O (FOXO) transcription factor family — FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6 — and their described roles in cell proliferation, metabolic processes, differentiation, autophagy, and apoptosis, with a focus on diabetic complications. The authors describe how prolonged hyperglycemia damages blood vessels, leading to microvascular complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy, and macrovascular complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, which can result in organ failure. The review summarizes evidence linking FOXO family members to these chronic diabetic complications and describes diabetes-related organ damage as a leading cause of diabetes-related mortality.
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications are increasing worldwide in the working population as well as in elders. Prolonged hyperglycemia results in damage to blood vessels of various tissues followed by organ damage. Hyperglycemia-induced damage in small blood vessels as in nephrons, retina, and neurons results in diabetic microvascular complications which involve nephropathy, retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy. Additionally, damage in large blood vessels is considered as a macrovascular complication including diabetic cardiomyopathy. These long-term complications can result in organ failure and thus becomes the leading cause of diabetic-related mortality in patients. Members of the Forkhead Box O family (FOXO) are involved in various body functions including cell proliferation, metabolic processes, differentiation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Moreover, increasing shreds of evidence suggest the involvement of FOXO family members FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6 in several chronic diseases including diabetes and diabetic complications. Hence, this review focuses on the role of FOXO transcription factors in the regulation of diabetic complications.
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