Study summary · research use only
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Protects Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Streptococcus agalatiae Infection
Plain-language summary
Paraphrased from the published abstract below — not a verdict on whether anything works.
In this study using Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), researchers identified the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) precursor gene (On-VIP) and its receptor gene VIPR1 (On-VIPR1), containing 450 bp and 1326 bp open reading frames encoding proteins of 149 and 441 amino acids, respectively. Both On-VIP and On-VIPR1 transcripts were highly expressed in the intestine and sharply induced by Streptococcus agalatiae infection, with On-VIP signal detected in the longitudinal muscle layer and On-VIPR1 in the mucosal epithelium of intestine. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed several immune functions of On-VIP, including reduction of P65, P38, MyD88, STAT3, and AP1, upregulation of CREB and CBP, and suppression of inflammation. In vivo experiments showed On-VIP was associated with protection of Nile Tilapia from bacterial infection and promoted apoptosis and pyroptosis.
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a member of secretin/glucagon family, is involved in a variety of biological activities such as gut motility, immune responses, and carcinogenesis. In this study, the VIP precursor gene (On-VIP) and its receptor gene VIPR1 (On-VIPR1) were identified from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and the functions of On-VIP in the immunomodulation of Nile tilapia against bacterial infection were investigated and characterized. On-VIP and On-VIPR1 contain a 450 bp and a 1326 bp open reading frame encoding deduced protein of 149 and 441 amino acids, respectively. Simultaneously, the transcript of both On-VIP and On-VIPR1 were highly expressed in the intestine and sharply induced by Streptococcus agalatiae. Moreover, the positive signals of On-VIP and On-VIPR1 were detected in the longitudinal muscle layer and mucosal epithelium of intestine, respectively. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated several immune functions of On-VIP, including reduction of P65, P38, MyD88, STAT3, and AP1, upregulation of CREB and CBP, and suppression of inflammation. Additionally, in vivo experiments proved that On-VIP could protect Nile tilapia from bacterial infection and promote apoptosis and pyroptosis. These data lay a theoretical basis for further understanding of the mechanism of VIP guarding bony fish against bacterial infection.
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