Study summary · research use only
NAD(+) homeostasis in human health and disease
Plain-language summary
Paraphrased from the published abstract below — not a verdict on whether anything works.
This review article discusses NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) homeostasis in human health and disease, describing NAD+ depletion as a factor implicated in various inherited and acquired conditions. The authors distinguish primary deficiencies, resulting from impaired biosynthesis, from secondary deficiencies arising from increased NAD+ consumption or dietary deficiency of vitamin B3 precursors, and describe reported phenotypes ranging from rare inherited defects involving congenital malformations, retinal degeneration, and/or encephalopathy, to more common age-related conditions. The article reviews NAD+ biochemistry and metabolism and discusses potential therapeutic implications of NAD+ repletion, along with different NAD+-enhancing agents, for further research into rare and common diseases.
Abstract
Depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ), a central redox cofactor and the substrate of key metabolic enzymes, is the causative factor of a number of inherited and acquired diseases in humans. Primary deficiencies of NAD+ homeostasis are the result of impaired biosynthesis, while secondary deficiencies can arise due to other factors affecting NAD+ homeostasis, such as increased NAD+ consumption or dietary deficiency of its vitamin B3 precursors. NAD+ depletion can manifest in a wide variety of pathological phenotypes, ranging from rare inherited defects, characterized by congenital malformations, retinal degeneration, and/or encephalopathy, to more common multifactorial, often age-related, diseases. Here, we discuss NAD+ biochemistry and metabolism and provide an overview of the etiology and pathological consequences of alterations of the NAD+ metabolism in humans. Finally, we discuss the state of the art of the potential therapeutic implications of NAD+ repletion for boosting health as well as treating rare and common diseases, and the possibilities to achieve this by means of the different NAD+ -enhancing agents.
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