Study summary · research use only
Thymalin: Activation of Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Plain-language summary
Paraphrased from the published abstract below — not a verdict on whether anything works.
This study used human hematopoietic stem cells to examine the effect of thymalin, a polypeptide complex isolated from the thymus, on differentiation and on expression of CD28, a marker linked to antiviral immunity in COVID-19. The abstract reports that thymalin reduced expression of the stem cell marker CD44 and the intermediate differentiation marker CD117 by 2-3 times, and increased expression of the mature T lymphocyte marker CD28 by 6.8 times, which the authors interpret as indicating thymalin stimulated differentiation of CD117-positive cells into mature CD28-positive T lymphocytes. The abstract notes CD28-positive, CD4-positive, and CD8-positive T lymphocyte counts are reported to decrease in patients with severe COVID-19.
Abstract
Thymalin is a polypeptide complex isolated from the thymus and regulating the functions of the immune system. Thymalin is effective in therapy of acute respiratory syndrome, chronic obstructive bronchitis, and other immunopathology. Thymalin increases functional activity of T lymphocytes, but the targeted molecular mechanism of its biological activity requires further study. We studied the influence of thymalin on differentiation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and expression of CD28 molecule involved in the implementation of antiviral immunity in COVID-19 infection. It was found that thymalin reduced the expression of CD44 (stem cell marker) and CD117 (molecule of the intermediate stage of HSC differentiation) by 2-3 times and increased the expression of CD28 (marker of mature T lymphocytes) by 6.8 times. This indirectly indicates that thymalin stimulated differentiation of CD117+ cells into mature CD28+T lymphocytes. It is known that in patients with severe COVID-19, the number of CD28+, CD4+, CD8+T lymphocytes in the blood decreased, which attested to a pronounced suppression of immunity. It is possible that the antiviral effect of thymalin consists in compensatory stimulation of HSC differentiation into CD28+T lymphocytes at the stage of immunity suppression in unfavorable course of viral infection. Thymalin can be considered as an immunoprotective peptide drug for the prevention of COVID-19.
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