Study summary · research use only
Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic and memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice
Plain-language summary
Paraphrased from the published abstract below — not a verdict on whether anything works.
In this mouse study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce memory impairment, and the effects of elamipretide (SS-31), a mitochondrion-targeted antioxidant, were examined using the Morris water maze and contextual fear conditioning tests to assess hippocampus-related learning and memory, along with molecular assays of mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, inflammation, neural cell apoptosis (TUNEL), and dendritic spine density (Golgi staining). The abstract reports that LPS-treated mice showed mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, neural cell apoptosis, and loss of dendritic spines in the hippocampus, along with impaired learning and memory performance. Elamipretide treatment was associated with amelioration of LPS-induced learning and memory impairment, protection against mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, and changes in BDNF signaling and synaptic structural complexity.
Abstract
It is widely accepted that mitochondria have a direct impact on neuronal function and survival. Oxidative stress caused by mitochondrial abnormalities play an important role in the pathophysiology of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced memory impairment. Elamipretide (SS-31) is a novel mitochondrion-targeted antioxidant. However, the impact of elamipretide on the cognitive sequelae of inflammatory and oxidative stress is unknown. We utilized MWM and contextual fear conditioning test to assess hippocampus-related learning and memory performance. Molecular biology techniques and ELISA were used to examine mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory response. TUNEL and Golgi-staining was used to detect neural cell apoptosis and the density of dendritic spines in the mouse hippocampus. Mice treated with LPS exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, an inflammatory response, neural cell apoptosis, and loss of dendritic spines in the hippocampus, leading to impaired hippocampus-related learning and memory performance in the MWM and contextual fear conditioning test. Treatment with elamipretide significantly ameliorated LPS-induced learning and memory impairment during behavioral tests. Notably, elamipretide not only provided protective effects against mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress but also facilitated the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, including the reversal of important synaptic-signaling proteins and increased synaptic structural complexity. These findings indicate that LPS-induced memory impairment can be attenuated by the mitochondrion-targeted antioxidant elamipretide. Consequently, elamipretide may have a therapeutic potential in preventing damage from the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that contribute to perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), which makes mitochondria a potential target for treatment strategies for PND.
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