Study summary · research use only
Oxytocin for promoting successful lactation
Plain-language summary
Paraphrased from the published abstract below — not a verdict on whether anything works.
This systematic review (Cochrane) in humans assessed the effects of oral or nasal oxytocin on lactation. The abstract reports that four randomized or quasi-randomized trials of 639 breastfeeding women were included, with potential for significant bias, and that restricted breastfeeding schedules may have contributed to inadequate milk production among participants. Sublingual and buccal oxytocin preparations were associated with an increase in milk production, and oxytocin did not appear to increase the incidence of breast pain. The abstract states that 100 international units of oxytocin appeared slightly more beneficial than 10 international units, and that where women are supported with unrestricted breastfeeding the need for oxytocin would probably be diminished.
Abstract
A rise in the concentration of oxytocin causes contraction of cells around the alveoli and milk ducts, in preparation for suckling. Lactation failure may result from insufficient oxytocin. The objective of this review was to assess the effects of using oral or nasal oxytocin on lactation. We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register. Randomised and quasi-randomised trials of variable doses of oxytocin and different methods of administration versus placebo in breastfeeding women using oxytocin to augment lactation. Trial quality was assessed and data were extracted by two reviewers. Four trials of 639 women were included. There was potential for significant bias in these trials. Restricted breastfeeding schedules may have contributed to inadequate production of milk by the participants. Sublingual and buccal preparations of oxytocin were associated with an increase in milk production. Oxytocin did not appear to increase the incidence of breast pain and 100 international units of oxytocin appeared to be slightly more beneficial than 10 international units. An appropriate dose of sublingual or buccal oxytocin may help augment lactation where necessary. However if women are encouraged and supported with unrestricted breastfeeding, the need for oxytocin would probably be diminished.
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